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NOAA’s GOES-R Series Constellation Nearing Completion with SpaceX Launch
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) GOES-R series constellation is on track to be completed in space soon, pending the successful launch of its GOES-U satellite at the end of June. This mission is set to be historic for several reasons, notably because it will be the first time a NOAA satellite is transported to space using a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket.
For the previous three satellite launches of the GOES-R series, NOAA had opted for United Launch Alliance’s (ULA) Atlas V 541 rocket. The Atlas program boasts an impressive success rate of 100% for its over 600 launches, including recent missions such as transporting astronauts to the International Space Station on Boeing’s Starliner capsule.
Why the Switch to SpaceX?
The decision to switch to SpaceX for the final launch of the GOES-R series was a result of SpaceX outcompeting ULA in the contract bidding process. Rex Engelhardt, the GOES-U Mission Manager for NASA’s Launch Services Program, explained that SpaceX Falcon Heavy won the contract by offering the best value, meeting technical requirements, performance standards, and accommodating the spacecraft’s unique needs.
The Falcon Heavy rocket, known as one of the world’s most powerful operational rockets, features three reusable Falcon 9 engine cores with 27 Merlin engines capable of thrusting over 5 million pounds (2.3 million kilograms) at liftoff. This choice was not solely based on cost but also on technical capabilities that align with the mission’s demands.
Challenges and Adjustments
While the switch to Falcon Heavy presented numerous advantages, it also brought about challenges that required adjustments from the launch teams. Integrating GOES-U with the Falcon Heavy rocket differed from previous launches with the Atlas V rocket, as the Falcon Heavy integration occurs with the rocket booster on its side in a hangar.
John Deily, the GOES-R Flight Project Manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, highlighted the need for coordination among various teams to ensure a smooth transition. He mentioned that adapting to the new integration process was a considerable adjustment, especially regarding the fuel system’s orientation.
Engelhardt added that the Falcon Heavy launch would offer an extra spectacle as the boosters are designed to return to the launch site. This feature will extend the viewing experience for spectators, with the boosters landing back less than 10 minutes after liftoff.
Overall, the upcoming launch of the GOES-U satellite marks a significant milestone for NOAA’s GOES-R series, showcasing technological advancements and collaboration between government agencies and private aerospace companies.
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